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Fig. 3 The client application. The user sees what the server sent (text, symbols and sketches) superimposed onto the real environment.

idea is to use collaborative remote AR as an exchange precious contribution to the development of the
channel between a team of experts (server application) application.
in their offices, while technicians (client application) are
on site at the refinery. The functioning of the application
is very simple:
• the client sends relevant pictures of the site to the Bibliography
server; [1] GEORGEL P. F., SCHROEDER P., NAVAB N.: Navigation
• the server annotates each picture with useful tools for viewing augmented cad models. IEEE Computer
information in the form of two-dimensional signs, graphics and applications, (2009), 29(6), 65-73.
text, freehand notes; [2] AZUMA R. T.: The Most Important Challenge Facing
• the client watches annotations in place, even if Augmented Reality. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual
the display device is moving; Environments, (2016), Vol. 25, No. 3, Pages: 234-238.
• the client and the server can also communicate [3] AZUMA R. T.: A survey of augmented reality. PRESENCE
with a chat. 6, 4 (1997), 355–385. 1, 2
For a refinery revamp study, this application can be [4] FEINER S., MACINTYRE B., SELIGMANN D.: Knowledge-
used to provide the team of experts with fundamental based augmented reality. Communications of the ACM 36, 7
details such as the “routing” of an existing line, the (1993), 53–62. 2
position of existing supports, available measuring [5] WEBEL S., BOCKHOLT U., ENGELKE T., GAVISH N.,
instruments on the line, position or size of the civil OLBRICH M., PREUSCHE C.: An augmented reality training
structures, and so on. The experts can use AR platform for assembly and maintenance skills. Robotics and
annotations to guide the technicians on the site to help Autonomous Systems, 61(4), pp.398-403 (2013)
them obtaining this information. [6] HARITOS T., MACCHIARELLA N.: A mobile application of
The main advantages in the use of this AR application augmented reality for aerospace maintenance training. In
for the revamping of a refinery are the following: Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2005. DASC 2005. The
1. Communication from office to site improved: fewer 24th (2005), vol. 1. 2
misunderstandings due to the help of visual hints. [7] REGENBRECHT H., BARATOFF G., WILKE W.: Augmented
2. Reduced cost, using the local workforce, even if not reality projects in the automotive and aerospace industries.
skilled, to accomplish the tasks. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE 25, 6 (2005),
The proposed application is currently being improved 48–56. 2
to meet industry needs. [8] BORDEGONI M., FERRISE F., CARRABBA E., DI DONATO
M., FIORENTINO M., UVA A. E.: An application based on
Augmented Reality and mobile technology to support remote
Acknowledgements maintenance. In Conference and Exhibition of the European
The authors would like to thank Michele Fiorentino, Association of Virtual and Augmented Reality (2014), Vol. 1,
Ernesto Carrabba and Riccardo Masoni for their No. 1, pp. 131-135.

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