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Network. To the authors’ knowledge, no EU funded higher power (order of R10e0adMinWese)s.
The Manufacturing
projects already exist. Level (MRL)

In 2014-2016, the US Department of Energy for the hpigohte,ndtiaral wSin-gCOo2n plants is on average
already experience in several
has been funding 29 projects [17] on different

strategic topics related to MadUvaSn$ce[1d8],Sw-ChOile2 technology sectors, e.g., heavy duty, aero-
cycles. The DOE share is 44
derivative and aero-GTs for the hot prime mover

industry share is nearly 10 M US$. Topics, budget parts (MRL 7); Ultra-SuperCritical (USC) and

and project performers’ scenario for the 29 nuclear power plants for heat exchangers, piping

projects are reported in figure 4 and figure 5. It and valves at high pressure and temperature

is observed that someone is already thinking to (MRL 7). Manufacturing issues related to sealing,

design an oxy-combustor able to burn different bearings and shaft construction have already

fuels, from natural gas to hydrogen and syngas, been addressed in developed applications at

thus resulting in fuel-flexible power plants [19, similar conditions (e.g., USC power plants), but

20]. need more customization for use in the highly

From this scenario, the semi-closed configuration specialized, challenging S-CO2 environment
(MRL 5).
with oxy-combustion is at TRL between 2 and 4.

The closed configuration is at TRL between 6 and

8, but only for plants having power lower than Scientific and Technological
Challenges
about 1c0onMfiWguer.aTtihoenssoclauntinoonts adopted in such
closed be scaled up to

The main scientific and technological challenges

required to exploit advanced S-CO2 turbine cycle
technology are:

• identification of high-pressure (300 bar) oxy-

combustion strategies in a main So-Cf Oth2 estreoaxmy-
and design and development

combustor device;

• understanding of physical mechanisms

affecting combustion stability at these

conditions;

• identification of the effects of very high-

pressure on thermal radiative transport;

• modelling and design of turbo-machinery

• hdaevvienlgopSm-CenOt2 as working fluid; mainly
of heat exchangers,

condensers, operating at high-pressure

conditions;

• identification and highly integrated

Fig. 4 - Topics and their implementation of processes (chemical or
total (DOE + OEMs sha-
res) budget in the 29 physical, i.e., distillation) for exhaust treatment
projects funded in 2014-
2016 in US downstream of the combustor to achieve

Fig. 5 - Performers’ • ihdigenht-ipficuarittiyonS-aCnOd2imstpreleamme;ntation of advanced
scenario (based on the
number of participa- processes for oxygen production, showing
ted projects) in the 29
projects examined higher efficiency than standard Air Separation

Units;

• identification of materials for the different parts

of the plant, able to resist at high pressure and

temperature;

• development of quick plant start-up strategies;

• development of partial load plant “parking”

strategies and increase of the turndown ratio.

To reach these aims, different scientific disciplines

(cycle analysis, fluid dynamics, chemistry, materials,

turbo-machinery, controls and plant operation)

in all their forms (theoretical, experimental and

numerical) as well as different sectors, academic

and non-academic (supply chain, aCreOr2eqpuipireeldin.e
network operators and O2 suppliers)

46 Impiantistica Italiana - Settembre-Ottobre 2015