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Conclusions the early studies about FSu-rCthOe2rmcoycrele, ssuinbstthiteut‘i6n0g
of the previous century.

Due to the inherent unpredictability of some the steam section of acoCuCldGTbewaithnaenarSt-eCrOm2 gas
renewable sources of energy, the safety and the turbine closed cycle and

stability of electrical grid require a coordinated effective solution to improve load-flexibility and

strategy of energy storage and grid back-up. utilisation of existing CCGT plants. This solution

Thanks to the absence oref cboovtehrythpeoCwOer2 capture will allow GT users to recover their investment
facilities and the steam section, losses in the present energy scenario. At the

coupled to their compactness, bSe -lCoOad2 -flpeoxwibeler same time it will reduce the associated cost of
plants with oxy-combustion can
CmOor2eavaopidpeedali(n8g0 US$/t, currently), thus making
enough to reliably provide grid back-up, with the implementation of CCS

respect to other power plants equipped with CCS technologies. It is observed that although their

techniques. It is observed that although the link deployment has been recognised occurring too

between compactness and flexibility has not been slowly due to high costs and a lack of political and

yet demonstrated, the financial commitment,

contribution on flexibility By now it is common opinion that at the last European
SET-plan 2014, CCS
of the highly integrated contfhigeuSra-CtioOn2 power cycles in closed technologies were still
can improve considerably identified as one of
iCnO2semcai-pctluorseed involved
cycles

is certain. Furthermore, the thermodynamic efficiency of the most promising
through the synergic CSP power plants, with respect technologies endorsed
use of the Power2Gas to conventional power generation by the EC in reaching
concept (connected technologies that operate at the same the 2050 target.
with the methanation top and bottom temperatures. The deployment of

process) they can play Sfu-llCyO2inctyecglreasteidncluCdCinSg
an important role on

energy storage too. technology will help

Power2Gas can transform the excess of electrical to reduce the GHG emissions by 80% by 2050

energy from renewables in hydrogen and and so can play an integral role in fighting climate

oxygen; the methanation process can convert cbheannegficei.alS-foCrO2degcaasrbtounrbisinaetiocnycinlesthceantraalnssopobret
the hydrogen from P2G in methane, realizing a

chemical energy storage. When it is necessary to sector, where a reduction of at least 60% in

back-up the electrical grid, both the methane and GHGs is required by 2050 (with respect to 1990).

oxygen obtained from P2G and methanation can The GHG emissions of international maritime

bcoemubseudstitoonfetoedsuapnpSly-CelOec2trpicoawl eernpelragnyt. with oxy- transport have seen an increasing trend in recent
years and accounts for about 4% of global man-

As already noted, eSff-eCcOtiv2eplyowimepr lpelmanetnst with oxy- mapapdliecaCtioOn2 emissions. Tchoest-celoffseecdtiveS-sCoOlu2tiocnyctloe
combustion can the CcOan2 would be a

capture with a “pipeline ready” stream, that meet this challenge.

be recycled for a new methanation cycle. Using The development of advanced kSe-yCOte2 cghansotluorgbiicnael
methane coming from a methanation process, cycles will require solving

and not directly hydrogen from P2G, the same problems (oxy-combustion strategy, heat

Seeumms-CeipsdOlso2fiyooinprnsogw.waMnetearortrupefrorlaaevnleetrgs,cahtahsaneleaS-bgs-aaCcsfOku-ee2uxlc,ptaraaptcvhtutoeiroiedngdinrwigcdaitnhCalbOsitoes2 exchangers, water separation unit, materials,
turbo-machinery, exhaust treatment) due to the
very high pressure involved. In the worldwide
panorama, Europe appears to be in late in facing

contemporary geological sequestration. these issues, especially with respect to US.

Besides the energy storage and the electrical grid Urgent decision and actions should be taken to

back-up, the Se-nChOan2 cpeowtheer cycle technology can reduce the already large gap.
considerably share of renewable

energy through its direct application in the solar The authors wish to thank Eng. Carlo Coltri for

energy field. By now it is common opinion that his enthusiastic interest and his role as “vector” of

the Si-mCpOro2 vpeowceornsciydcelreasbliyn closed configuration authors’ vision
can the thermodynamic

efficiency of CSP power plants, with respect to

conventional power generation technologies

Referencesthat operate at the same top and bottom
temperatures. International Energy Agency: Energy Technology

Similarly, nuclear power plant can take advantages Perspectives, Mobilising Innovation to Accelerate

from tSh-eCnOu2cpleoawr eernegregnyewraatisonthteec“dhrnivoilnoggyfoarcned”, in Climate Action - www.iea.org: International Energy
fact, of Agency > Publications > Energy Technology

Impiantistica Italiana - Settembre-Ottobre 2015 47