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Fig. 6 - This biorefinery is in- a5.nCaoduvladnwceedubtiiloizreefCinOe2rwy?ithin Barriers to successful technology adoption could
cluding a bio fired power ge- have difficulties inside and outside a single industry.
neration unit supplying also The members of IEA Task 42 have agreed on the Internal barriers may be summarized as the difficul-
the grid following definition for a biorefinery (figure 5): “Bio- ty to accept a new technology for many reasons in-
refinery is the sustainable processing of biomass cluding negative reactions of company employees.
into a spectrum of marketable products (food, External obstacles include the availability and ac-
feed, materials, chemicals) and energy (fuels, po- cessibility of necessary information (process, ma-
wer, heat)”. chinery and software), the presence of technical
This means that a biorefinery can be a concept, personnel and institutional support, and a program
a facility, a process, a plant, or even a cluster of for staff development and skill building.
facilities. Obviously the assistance of authorities including
A biorefinery can use all kinds of biomass including financing is very important to the success of an in-
wood & agricultural crops, forest residues, organic novative technology.
residues (both plant and animal derived), aquatic
biomass (algae & sea weeds) and industrial wastes. 7. What restraints could
A biorefinery is not a completely new concept. Many slow down this CDU option?
of the traditional biomass converting technologies Political or technical?
such as the sugar, starch and pulp and paper in-
dustry are connected with the biorefinery approach Decisions relating to the environment protection
(figure 6). This biorefinery plant is including a bio are influenced by potential instability and lack of
fired power generation unit supplying also the grid. adequate actions of the governments and of the
Methane is produced through Sabatier process international community.
ckWomhbfrinoimngreCnOe2waanbdlesH.2, generated using low cost When firms perceive that the regulatory initiatives are
unstable, their specific investments appear more risky.
6. Overcoming critical barriers Utilities will be not interested to invest in advanced
tinecahdnoopltoignigesCOan2 dutpilrizoajetciotns technologies when they perceive that the future
operation of these assets will be not protected by
adequate regulations.
The main problem to overcome critical barriers in 8. Could swteeeul tpilliaznet?CO2
within a
padroojepctitnsgisCtOhe2 utilization (CDU) technologies and Blast furnace the heart
difficulty to integrate the policies of
different industries whose owners have poor rela- of a steel plant
tionships one with each other.
Who could stop an industry from using a new CO2
utilization technology?
Blast furnace is the heart of a steel plant (figure 7).
Impiantistica Italiana - Luglio-Agosto 2016 29
