Page 81 - Impiantistica Industriale - Settembre Ottobre 2014
P. 81
located near to the consumption barycenter but
connected by means of high voltage transmission
lines to the various loads. Some plants will be
more favourable located with respect to the load
than others. Today in addition to the above power
sources there are many power generation sources
connected to the distribution network (minihydro,
A renewables and cogeneration plants).
B In the past, but also today, it is important for
Fig. 4 - Schematic representation of interconnected system: A) before of the development optimum economic operation to modify the
of renewables; B) subsequent the development of renewables
incremental production costs of the large plants,
could affect firm investments in medium terms
and in long lived power generation assets specific located far from the consumption barycentre, taking
to the regulatory environment. TCE underlines
that uncertainty about future market conditions the line losses and
could increase the hazards of procurement and
investment. Within this framework it is evident that plant efficiencies Some plants will be
the lack of adequate regulations will increase the more favourable located
risk of investors in power generation due to the into account, having with respect to the load
incoming day by day stronger impact of renewables.
When institutions promote defined actions and set these losses and
up good regulations, there are the conditions under
which firms can promote investments. efficiencies an
important impact than others. Today in
7.0 Electricity prices on utility profit and addition to the above
country fuel saving. power sources there are
The electricity prices are dependent from: The large power many power generation
• electricity production cost (see item 1.2); generation sources sources connected to
• electricity transmission and distribution cost; are mainly the fossil
• electricity storage. and nuclear plants, the distribution network
the large energy (minihydro, renewables
7.1 Electricity transmission and cogeneration
storage plants, plants).
In the past (before of the development of renewables)
the power generation sources were not usually hydro plants, the
wind parks and the
large solar plants.
Obviously, today the grid management is becoming
more complex, because the grid operator must take
in due consideration both the power generation
sources and the stored energy connected to the
distribution grid.
Let we consider a simple example, where
two areas are interconnected by a 380 kV
transmission system, are separated by a distance
of approximately 600 km and where the maximum
practical transfer is corresponding to approximately
600 MW and the power losses could reach 6% of
the total transmitted power .
Figure 4A indicates the schematic representation of
interconnected system before of the development
of renewables, while the figure 4B indicates the
schematic representation of interconnected system
subsequent the development of renewables.
In both cases the grid operator must take in due
consideration the losses of a transmission system
related to the line design parameters (conductor
size, its material and characteristics etc.), but the
economics could be different.
Before of the development of renewables the
following alternatives could be compared:
• the first area has a relatively high-cost
generation as compared to a second low-cost
generation area, that is available for transfer
the power production to the first area;
• the second area has low cost of power
depending from:
- better efficiency of the power plant;
- lower cost of the supplied fuel (for
80 Impiantistica Italiana - Settembre - Ottobre 2014
connected by means of high voltage transmission
lines to the various loads. Some plants will be
more favourable located with respect to the load
than others. Today in addition to the above power
sources there are many power generation sources
connected to the distribution network (minihydro,
A renewables and cogeneration plants).
B In the past, but also today, it is important for
Fig. 4 - Schematic representation of interconnected system: A) before of the development optimum economic operation to modify the
of renewables; B) subsequent the development of renewables
incremental production costs of the large plants,
could affect firm investments in medium terms
and in long lived power generation assets specific located far from the consumption barycentre, taking
to the regulatory environment. TCE underlines
that uncertainty about future market conditions the line losses and
could increase the hazards of procurement and
investment. Within this framework it is evident that plant efficiencies Some plants will be
the lack of adequate regulations will increase the more favourable located
risk of investors in power generation due to the into account, having with respect to the load
incoming day by day stronger impact of renewables.
When institutions promote defined actions and set these losses and
up good regulations, there are the conditions under
which firms can promote investments. efficiencies an
important impact than others. Today in
7.0 Electricity prices on utility profit and addition to the above
country fuel saving. power sources there are
The electricity prices are dependent from: The large power many power generation
• electricity production cost (see item 1.2); generation sources sources connected to
• electricity transmission and distribution cost; are mainly the fossil
• electricity storage. and nuclear plants, the distribution network
the large energy (minihydro, renewables
7.1 Electricity transmission and cogeneration
storage plants, plants).
In the past (before of the development of renewables)
the power generation sources were not usually hydro plants, the
wind parks and the
large solar plants.
Obviously, today the grid management is becoming
more complex, because the grid operator must take
in due consideration both the power generation
sources and the stored energy connected to the
distribution grid.
Let we consider a simple example, where
two areas are interconnected by a 380 kV
transmission system, are separated by a distance
of approximately 600 km and where the maximum
practical transfer is corresponding to approximately
600 MW and the power losses could reach 6% of
the total transmitted power .
Figure 4A indicates the schematic representation of
interconnected system before of the development
of renewables, while the figure 4B indicates the
schematic representation of interconnected system
subsequent the development of renewables.
In both cases the grid operator must take in due
consideration the losses of a transmission system
related to the line design parameters (conductor
size, its material and characteristics etc.), but the
economics could be different.
Before of the development of renewables the
following alternatives could be compared:
• the first area has a relatively high-cost
generation as compared to a second low-cost
generation area, that is available for transfer
the power production to the first area;
• the second area has low cost of power
depending from:
- better efficiency of the power plant;
- lower cost of the supplied fuel (for
80 Impiantistica Italiana - Settembre - Ottobre 2014
