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2009, banning geological storage oof nCly.OI2n, big step forward is expected as soon as these
while two allowed off-shore storage projects will reach the operational phase.

some countries permission procedure would Research of novel capture technologies
could not achieve the expected cost
be so complicated to discourage potential reduction

applicants.

CCS today Figure 1 shows projects in the design, construction
Progress has been slow but constant in other and operation phases split by geographical area.
North-America has clearly taken the lead in the
areas of the world where several projects have deployment of CCS, while Continental Europe
is left with the two “historical” operating storage
in the meantime reached the execution phase. projects in Norway, while no projects are currently
in the construction phase.
As of February 2015, 55 large (at least 0,5

Mton/year of CthOe2 stored) CCS projects are
active all over world in different phases of

development. Of these, 13 are in operation

and 9 in the construction phase. Most projects

ipnurtihfiecaotipoenraotifonnaptuhraaslegsatso.reSeCvOe2racl opmroinjegctfsromin North America

the construction or advanced design phases Several causes concur to make North America

however include carbon capture from power an ideal environment for application of CCS.
stations or other industrial sources, so that a
Captured C(EOO2Rm), afyavboerabulsyedcofnotrribEunthinagncteod Oil
Recovery the

economics of the project, while in Europe only pure

geological storage is possible, with no revenues

involved. North America has also established

specific R&D and demonstration programs for
CCS, while in the struggle for European funds,

CCS is competing versus renewable energy. This

is a losing game for CCS due to the unbalance of

relative costs. A single CCS demonstration may

have an overall cost in the ballpark of 1 billion of

Euros. With the same amount of money, several
renewable demonstrations have been funded.

Finally, no problems related to public acceptance

of geological storage tohfeCwOo2rlhda. ve been faced up
to now in this area of
Fig. 1 – Number of CCS plants by geographical area
Decoupling capture and storage in the

Kemper County IGCC Project

Location: Kemper County, Mississippi, USA

Owner: Mississippi Power (Southern Company)

Schedule: start-up expected May 2015

Cost: ~5.5 billion US$ vs. initial estimate of 2.4 billion (DOE

funding for 270 M$)

Description: new built 582 MW coal-based electric power plant

using an Integrated

Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) design called

TRIG™ technology (developed in-house)

Capture: 3.5 Mtons/year (65% of total emissions)

Transportation: 100 km onshore pipeline

Storage: enhanced oil recovery

Impiantistica Italiana - Luglio-Agosto 2015 35