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demonstrations has been a winning choice for the considered as an option). The project is run by

USA. Seven out of eight demo plants, funded with the Athabasca Oil Sands Joint-Venture (60%

a total of about 3 billion $ by the Department Of Shell, 20% Chevron, 20% Marathon Oil) and

Energy (DOE) will use captured cCaOrr2iefodr EOR, while consists in amine CofOa2 capture (MDEA) applied to
geological storage demos are out in eight the process side steam reformer supplying

sites using cphueraifpicaCtiOon2 .frOomne natural reservoirs or hydrogen to a bitumen upgrader in Alberta
natural gas integrated demo is
(Fort Saskatchewan). About 1 MtratonnsspoortfedCOfo2/r
already in operation by Air Products in Port Arthur year (35% capture rate) will be

(TX), cbaypJtuurnineg2C01O42, from a steam reforming unit about 80 km onshore to the storage site. The
and, has delivered 1 million tons
project is co-funded by Canadian and Alberta

oKfeCmOp2ertoPEroajsetcetrnruTnexbays oilfields for EOR. The big governments. Start-up is expected in 4Q 2015.
The Southern Company
Shell is involved in both projects, as well as in

is going to start operation in the second quarter two other projects (Gorgon in Australia and

of 2015 (see description box). A third integrated Peterhead in the UK) and is emerging as the

demonstration (Petra Nova Project) is under major advocate of CCS in the world. In this way

construction with start of operations scheduled in Shell is also opening the market to its proprietary

2016. It is a post-combustion capture from a coal post-combustion technology (CanSolv), selected

fired station and the CEOO2R(.1.4 million tons per year) for Quest, Boundary Dam and Peterhead.
will also be used for

In North Afomr eErnichaanccaepdtuOreildRCeOco2vmerayy, Other non-European
be used Countries
favorably contributing to the economics
Going to the rest of the world, both China and
The high carbon footprint related to the extraction Australia are trying to replicate the North American
model. China is applying a strong government
and upgrading of unconventional oil is the main drive which has already led to several pilot units
and planning / design of demonstrations (but no
driver pushing CCS in Canada. The Governments bcount satlrsuoctciohnemyeict)ailnscalunddinbgeuvteilrizaagteiosnsoufpCpOor2t(eEdObRy,
an expanding internal market). In the year 2012
of Alberta and Saskatchewan, as well as the Australia introduced a carbon tax of 23 AUS$/
tfionnanocfinCg OC2CeSmreittseedarcwhithantdhedesmamonestprautriopno.seThoisf
Federal Government, are heavily funding CCS tax was however repealed in July 2014 as soon as
the newly elected Parliament started its activities.
demonstration. In Alberta this is done using The large storage project of Gorgon, operated by
Chevron, is still the only one in the construction
revenues from a carbon tax of 15 CAN$/ton of phase.

bCoOx2), emitted. Boundary Dam (see description
where operation was started in October

2014, is the first operating large power plant

with integrated CCS in the world. Three more

projects are in the construction phase. Quest is

the first large project with direct application to

oil sands and storage in saline aquifer (EOR is

Boundary Dam Project

Location: Boundary Dam, Saskatchewan, Canada

Owner: SaskPower

Schedule: in operation from October 2014

Cost: 1.35 billion CAD$ - 240 MCAD$ from Governmental

funding

Description: retrofit of 150 MW coal / lignite power plant with post-

combustion capture technology Shell CanSolv

Capture: 1 Mton/year (95% of total emissions)

Transportation: 100 km onshore pipeline (mostly pre-existing)

Storage: CO2 sold for EOR

36 Impiantistica Italiana - Luglio-Agosto 2015