Page 50 - Impiantistica Italiana 5/2016

This paper is focused to the impacts that the IED
has on existing Large Combustion Plants (LCPs)
having coal and lignite as feedstocks, that are
obliged to retrofit the flue gas treatment facilities to
meet the more stringent gaseous emission limits, in
pTharetiocuultalinr efoor fNthOisx,pSaOpe2 rainsdtodupsrot.vide a quick intro-
duction on the IED as well as describe the techni-
cal options available for retrofitting an existing LCP,
also providing the solutions adopted for specific
case studies. The case studies description is com-
pleted with the economical evaluation, in particular
for Capex, O&M cost and Levelized Cost Of Elec-
tricity (LCOE).
The paper will introduce also methods to evaluate
the benefits of these modifications to the health of
the population, evaluating the expected economic
saving.
European Directives and
Associated Emission Levels
The emission levels for existing and new plants are
defined by the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)
(2010/75/EU) which was adopted on 24 November
2010 and entered into force on 6 January 2011.
According to the IED, the permit of each industrial
installation must be based on the Best Available
Table 1- BAT and BAT-AELs (mg/Nm3, ref 6% O2, dry) for existing LCPs with capacity more than 300 MWth, based on PC technology
and fed with coal and lignite
48 Impiantistica Italiana - Settembre-Ottobre 2016
Techniques (BAT) and Associated Emission Levels
(BAT-AELs), which are the range of emission levels
(ELVs) that can be achieved using the BAT.
The BAT and BAT-AELs applicable for each plant
typology are reported in the BAT Reference Docu-
ments (BREFs).
BREFs are revised every 8 years on the basis of
survey of best performing plants across Europe
and agreement by stakeholders (environmentalist,
regulators and industry).
The actual BREFs revision is dated July 2006;
formal draft of BREFs have been issued on June
2013, followed by a commented version dated
June 2015.
These documents have no legal value but are avai-
lable for information and reflect work in progress:
final formal issue of BREFs is expected by end of
2016.
For the specific case of the LCPs, which are those
plants having a rated thermal input of 50 MWth or
greater, the IED also sets European emission limit
avanlduedsusfot ransedlethcetetdimpinoglluftoarntthse, irsuacphpliacsatiSoOn.2, NOx
Table 1 reports the BAT and BAT-AELs for exist-
ing LCPs with a capacity higher than 300 MWth
based on Pulverized Coal (PC) boiler technology
and having coal and lignite as a feedstock as these
are the basis of the case studies analysed in the
present paper.