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exchange would serve several purposes: securely
storing metered data on customer usage, telemet-
ry data on network operation and constraints, and
other relevant information; allowing non-discrimina-
tory access to this data to registered market partici-
pants; and providing end customers with timely and
useful access to data on their own usage of electri-
city services. Responsibility for this function should
also be carefully assigned, with priority given to data
security and customer privacy considerations.

Wholesale market design should be improved to
better integrate distributed resources, reward gre-
ater flexibility, and create a level playing field for all
technologies.
• Wholesale markets should enable transactions to be
made closer to real time to reward flexible resources
and to enable better forecasting and control of variable
renewable resources and electricity demand.

• Wholesale market rules such as bidding formats
should be updated to reflect the operational con- Health of the planet: addressing critical environmental and
straints of novel resources such as demand respon- sustainability challenges facing human kind
se and energy storage, as well as new patterns of
operation of conventional power plants.
• More efficient pricing of reserves can help wholesa- • Robust regulatory standards for cybersecurity and
le markets function better, improve price signals for privacy are needed for all components of an inter-
energy and operating reserves, and strengthen the connected electricity network.
link between these two services.
• To keep pace with rapidly evolving cybersecurity
threats against large and complex electric power
Widespread connection of distributed energy re- systems, electric utilities, vendors, law enforcement
Charting gas and oil’s future sources and smart appliances and development of authorities, and governments should share current
in a decarbonizing world more complex electricity markets increase the im- cyber threat information and solutions quickly and
(Photo credit: Robert L. portance of cybersecurity and heighten privacy con- effectively.
Kleinberg) cerns.

Better utilization of existing assets and smarter ener-
gy consumption hold great potential for cost savin-
gs. At the same time, economies of scale still matter,
and the distributed deployment of solar PV or energy
storage is not cost-effective in all contexts and lo-
cations.

• The value of some electricity services can differ
substantially depending on where within the power
system that service is provided or consumed. This
variation in “locational value” underscores the impor-
tance of locationally granular prices and charges and
makes it impractical to define a single value for any
distributed resource.

• Distributed energy resources can be sited and ope-
rated to provide services in those areas of the power
system where their services are most valuable. Un-
derstanding the specific services that have locational
value is thus critical to understanding how distributed
resources can create value in power systems.

Impiantistica Italiana - Gennaio- Febbraio 2018 47