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Figure 4 – Market Capitali-  systems global supplier. Later in the year other “first   tent, but mostly because they compete on costs,
            zation of OFSE players, with   tier” players like Baker Hughes – General Electric   with quality of equipment meeting standards
            market cap > 2B$      and Technip-FMC Technologies combined their   nonetheless. Figure 5 shows that, over the last
                                  businesses with the aim of increasing competitive-  decades, thanks to a leaner cost position allow-
                                  ness on the market (ex. improved value proposi-  ing for competitive pricing, local EPCs (i.e. devel-
                                  tion to the client, wider range of products and ser-  oping countries contractors) have increased their
                                  vices,…) but also of creating cost synergies and   share of Upstream projects intake by more than
                                  efficiency improvements.                 20p.p, while Italian EPCs lost 5 p.p. in the same
                                                                           period.
                                       2016 has seen the formation by
                                    consolidation of global “mega-players
                                                                                 Local suppliers, competitive on
                                                                              costs while still meeting acceptable
                                  2  In the low oil price environment, Italian   performance targets, have increasingly
                                     O&G players have lost competitiveness   become the partner of choice of both Oil
                                                                                     Companies and EPCs
                                  Italian EPCs share decrease vs. Local EPCs
                                  rise. In a context of greater attention to costs and
                                  efficient solutions from clients, local suppliers have
                                  clearly won the competition against traditional   Italian vs. Korean exports. The relative contrac-
                                  western contactors, including Italians.   tion of Italian EPCs compared to local competi-
                                  Indeed, local suppliers have increasingly become   tors is significantly affecting the Italian OFSE value
                                  the partner of choice of both Oil Companies and   chain. Historically, Italian suppliers were recognised
                                  EPCs, not only because they provide local con-  as leading companies in the production of high-end
























                                  Figure 5 – EPC captured Capex by EPC nationality



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