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producing cars powered solely by an internal
            combustion engine.

            Charting a tailored path


            After using future back thinking to create a long-
            term vision, companies can use today forward
            thinking to map the pathways to get there. They
            can pursue the most attractive and achievable
            route, knowing that the journey is likely to change
            along the way.
            Indeed,  companies that  move  the  needle  to  the
            next economy will need to pursue two tracks—
            simultaneously improving and starting to reinvent
            their core business. The balance between the   Fig. 5
            two depends on the headroom for improvement
            in the core business and on whether there is a   business, and improving employee and customer
            fundamental problem with the sustainability of the   engagement. The fourth stage involves exploring
            business model (see Figure 5).            new business models. The fifth and final stage is
            Some companies, such as those in renewables and   building coalitions that support the company’s
            healthcare services, are rooted in creating social or   multiple-track approach. Mike Barry, M&S’s chief
            environmental value with a model that is already—  sustainability  officer,  describes  the  types  of  new
            or at least has the potential to be—sustainable   business models that it considers radical shifts:
            for generations to come. These companies will   producing closed-loop clothing (using recycled
            focus on improving the sustainability of their   and  recyclable fibers)  and  offering  personalized
            core  business  and  spend  less  time  on business   wellness diets based on customers’ DNA profiles.
            reinvention. At the other extreme, companies   By considering possible reinvention paths alongside
            engaging in environmentally or socially detrimental   continued  improvement  of  the core  business,
            activities need to seriously pursue reinvention or   leading retailers are positioning themselves to make
            prepare to manage a decline in business, as they   steady progress while pioneering future trends.
            will be a target for disruption or regulatory action.
            Most industries fall somewhere in between—where   Whatever strategy a company
            there’s plenty of improvement to be made in the
            core, but reinvention is still required to become   chooses, making it happen will
            truly sustainable and ensure a resilient, long-term “not be easy. Among the
            business model.                               alarming findings from our
            In retail, for example, leaders will follow both
            tracks, continuing to focus on improving the   survey: Only 4% of respondents
            sustainability of their operations and products while   say their companies are
            simultaneously  investigating alternative business
            models to improve resource consumption. UK    achieving or exceeding their
            retailer Marks & Spencer plotted its journey   sustainability goals. It also
            in five stages. Three of those stages address   highlights just how hard it will
            core business improvement: reduction of waste
            and  energy,  integrating  that  approach  into  the   be to build a truly sustainable
                                                          economy



                                                      Whatever strategy a company chooses, making it
                                                      happen will not be easy. Among the alarming fin-
                                                      dings from our survey: Only 4% of respondents say
                                                      their companies are achieving or exceeding their
                                                      sustainability goals. Nearly half of all sustainability
                                                      programs are considered failures by the companies
                                                      deploying them—and the failure rate has doubled
                                                      in the past two years (see Figure 6 and the side-
                                                      bar, “How to avoid the failure trap”). The rise in fai-
                                                      led projects could be evidence that companies are
                                                      taking the issue seriously, and therefore more scru-
            Fig. 6
                                                      pulously measuring progress and acknowledging


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